A shekarar 2018, kasuwar iskar gas ta lantarki ta duniya don da'irori masu hadewa ta kai dala biliyan 4.512 na Amurka, karuwar shekara-shekara da kashi 16%. Babban ci gaban masana'antar iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki don semiconductor da kuma girman kasuwa ya hanzarta shirin maye gurbin iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki a cikin gida!
Menene iskar gas ta electron?
Iskar gas ta lantarki tana nufin kayan asali da ake amfani da su wajen samar da semiconductors, faifan allo mai faɗi, diodes masu fitar da haske, ƙwayoyin hasken rana da sauran kayayyakin lantarki, kuma ana amfani da su sosai wajen tsaftacewa, sassaka, ƙirƙirar fim, yin allurar rigakafi da sauran hanyoyin aiki. Manyan fannoni na amfani da iskar gas ta lantarki sun haɗa da masana'antar lantarki, ƙwayoyin hasken rana, sadarwa ta wayar hannu, tsarin sauti da bidiyo na mota, sararin samaniya, masana'antar soja da sauran fannoni da yawa.
Ana iya raba iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki zuwa rukuni bakwai bisa ga sinadaran da ke cikinta: silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, boron, metal hydride, halide da metal alkoxide. Dangane da hanyoyin amfani daban-daban a cikin da'irori masu haɗawa, ana iya raba shi zuwa iskar gas mai narkewa, iskar epitaxy, iskar ion dasawa, iskar diode mai fitar da haske, iskar etching, iskar gas mai adana tururi da iskar balance. Akwai iskar gas ta musamman sama da guda 110 da ake amfani da su a masana'antar semiconductor, waɗanda sama da guda 30 ake amfani da su akai-akai.
Gabaɗaya, masana'antar samar da semiconductor ta raba iskar gas zuwa nau'i biyu: iskar gas ta gama gari da iskar gas ta musamman. Daga cikinsu, iskar gas da aka fi amfani da ita tana nufin samar da iskar gas mai yawa kuma tana amfani da iskar gas mai yawa, kamar N2, H2, O2, Ar, He, da sauransu. Iskar gas ta musamman tana nufin wasu iskar gas masu sinadarai da ake amfani da su wajen samar da semiconductor, kamar faɗaɗawa, allurar ion, haɗawa, wankewa, da ƙirƙirar abin rufe fuska, wanda shine abin da muke kira iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki yanzu, kamar SiH4, PH3, AsH3, B2H6, N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, HCl, Cl2, da sauransu.
A cikin dukkan tsarin samar da masana'antar semiconductor, daga haɓakar guntu zuwa marufi na ƙarshe na na'urori, kusan kowace hanyar haɗi ba ta rabuwa da iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki, da kuma nau'ikan iskar gas da ake amfani da ita da kuma buƙatun inganci mai kyau, don haka iskar gas ta lantarki tana da kayan semiconductor. "Abinci".
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manyan sassan lantarki na kasar Sin kamar semiconductor da allunan nuni sun karu a sabbin karfin samar da kayayyaki, kuma akwai bukatar maye gurbin kayayyakin sinadarai na lantarki da ake shigowa da su daga kasar. Matsayin iskar gas ta lantarki a masana'antar semiconductor ya kara bayyana. Masana'antar iskar gas ta lantarki ta cikin gida za ta haifar da ci gaba cikin sauri.
Iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki tana da manyan buƙatu don tsarki, domin idan tsarkin bai cika buƙatun ba, ƙungiyoyin ƙazanta kamar tururin ruwa da iskar oxygen a cikin iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki za su samar da fim ɗin oxide cikin sauƙi a saman semiconductor, wanda ke shafar rayuwar sabis na na'urorin lantarki, kuma iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin ƙazanta na iya haifar da gajerun da'irori na semiconductor da lalacewar da'ira. Ana iya cewa inganta tsarki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa da aikin samar da na'urorin lantarki.
Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka masana'antar semiconductor, tsarin kera guntu yana ci gaba da inganta, kuma yanzu ya kai 5nm, wanda ke gab da kusantar iyakar Moore's Law, wanda yayi daidai da ɗaya bisa ashirin na diamita na gashin ɗan adam (kimanin 0.1 mm). Saboda haka, wannan kuma yana gabatar da ƙarin buƙatu akan tsarkin iskar gas ta musamman ta lantarki da semiconductor ke samarwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-15-2021
