Masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi sun gwada samfurin balan-balan na Venus a cikin Hamadar Black Rock ta Nevada a watan Yulin 2022. Motar da aka rage ta yi nasarar kammala gwaje-gwajen farko guda biyu cikin nasara

Tare da zafin da ke tashi da kuma matsin lamba mai yawa, saman Venus yana da ƙiyayya da rashin gafartawa. A gaskiya ma, na'urorin binciken da suka sauka a can zuwa yanzu sun ɗauki 'yan awanni kaɗan kawai. Amma akwai wata hanya ta gano wannan duniya mai haɗari da ban sha'awa fiye da masu zagaye, suna zagayawa rana da jifa kaɗan daga Duniya. Wannan shine balan-balan. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) da ke Pasadena, Calif., ya ba da rahoto a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2022 cewa balan-balan na sama, ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin robotic ɗinsa na sama, ya kammala gwaje-gwaje biyu a kan Nevada cikin nasara.

Masu binciken sun yi amfani da samfurin gwaji, wani nau'in balan-balan da ya ragu wanda a zahiri wata rana zai iya ratsawa ta cikin gajimare masu yawa na Venus.

Samfurin gwajin balan-balan na farko na Venus

Jirgin Venus Aerobot da aka tsara yana da faɗin ƙafa 40 (mita 12), kimanin girman 2/3 na samfurin.

Wata ƙungiyar masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi daga JPL da Kamfanin Near Space Corporation da ke Tillamook, Oregon, sun gudanar da gwajin jirgin. Nasarar da suka samu ta nuna cewa balan-balan na Venus ya kamata su iya rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai cike da yanayi na wannan duniyar maƙwabtaka. A kan Venus, balan-balan zai tashi a tsayin kilomita 55 sama da saman. Don daidaita yanayin zafi da yawan yanayin Venus a cikin gwajin, ƙungiyar ta ɗaga balan-balan ɗin gwajin zuwa tsayin kilomita 1.

A kowace hanya, balan-balan ɗin yana aiki kamar yadda aka tsara shi. Jacob Izraevitz, Babban Mai Bincike na JPL Flight Test, Ƙwararren Robotics, ya ce: "Muna matukar farin ciki da aikin samfurin. Ya ƙaddamar, ya nuna yadda aka sarrafa yanayin tsayi, kuma mun dawo da shi cikin kyakkyawan yanayi bayan tashi biyu. Mun rubuta bayanai masu yawa daga waɗannan jiragen kuma muna fatan amfani da shi don inganta samfuran kwaikwayonmu kafin mu bincika duniyar 'yar'uwarmu.

Paul Byrne na Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis da kuma wani mai haɗin gwiwa a fannin kimiyyar robotics na sararin samaniya sun ƙara da cewa: "Nasarar waɗannan jiragen gwaji yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare mu: Mun yi nasarar nuna fasahar da ake buƙata don bincika gajimaren Venus. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun shimfida harsashin yadda za mu iya ba da damar yin bincike na dogon lokaci a kan sararin samaniyar Venus.

Tafiya a cikin iskokin Venus

To me yasa balan-balan? NASA tana son yin nazarin wani yanki na yanayin Venus wanda ya yi ƙasa sosai don mai kewaya ya yi nazari. Ba kamar masu saukar ƙasa ba, waɗanda ke hurawa cikin sa'o'i, balan-balan na iya shawagi a cikin iska na tsawon makonni ko ma watanni, suna yawo daga gabas zuwa yamma. Balan-balan kuma na iya canza tsayinsa tsakanin ƙafa 171,000 da 203,000 (kilomita 52 zuwa 62) sama da saman.

Duk da haka, robot masu tashi ba su kaɗai ba ne. Yana aiki da mai juyawa sama da yanayin Venus. Baya ga gudanar da gwaje-gwajen kimiyya, balan-balan kuma yana aiki azaman hanyar sadarwa tare da mai juyawa.

Balon a cikin balon

Samfurin samfurin a zahiri "balon ne a cikin balan-balan," in ji masu binciken.heliumyana cike ma'ajiyar ruwa mai ƙarfi ta ciki. A halin yanzu, balan-balan helium na waje mai sassauƙa zai iya faɗaɗawa da ƙunƙuwa. Balan-balan kuma na iya tashi sama ko faɗuwa ƙasa. Yana yin hakan tare da taimakonheliumiskar iska. Idan tawagar aikin ta so ta ɗaga balan-balan, za su fitar da iskar helium daga cikin magudanar ruwa zuwa balan-balan na waje. Don mayar da balan-balan ɗin wurinsa,heliumana sake fitar da iska zuwa cikin magudanar ruwa. Wannan yana sa balan-balan na waje ya matse kuma ya rasa ƙarfin motsawa.

Muhalli mai lalata

A tsayin da aka tsara na tsawon kilomita 55 sama da saman Venus, yanayin zafi bai yi tsanani ba kuma matsin lamba na yanayi bai yi ƙarfi ba. Amma wannan ɓangaren na yanayin Venus har yanzu yana da tsauri sosai, saboda gajimare yana cike da digo na sulfuric acid. Don taimakawa wajen jure wannan yanayi mai lalata, injiniyoyi sun gina balan-balan daga yadudduka da yawa na abu. Kayan yana da rufin da ba ya jure acid, ƙarfe don rage dumama rana, da kuma Layer na ciki wanda ya kasance mai ƙarfi don ɗaukar kayan aikin kimiyya. Har ma hatimin suna jure acid. Gwaje-gwajen tashi sun nuna cewa kayan da ginin balan-balan ɗin suma ya kamata su yi aiki akan Venus. Kayan da ake amfani da su don tsira daga Venus suna da ƙalubale a ƙera su, kuma ƙarfin sarrafawa da muka nuna a lokacin ƙaddamar da Nevada da murmurewa yana ba mu kwarin gwiwa game da amincin balan-balan ɗinmu akan Venus.

Shekaru da dama, wasu masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi sun gabatar da balan-balan a matsayin hanyar gano Venus. Wannan na iya zama gaskiya nan ba da jimawa ba. Hoto ta NASA.

Kimiyya a Yanayin Venus

Masana kimiyya suna samar da balan-balan don bincike-bincike daban-daban na kimiyya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da neman raƙuman sauti a cikin sararin samaniya da girgizar ƙasa ta Venus ta haifar. Wasu daga cikin binciken da suka fi kayatarwa za su kasance tsarin sararin samaniya da kansa.Carbon dioxideYana samar da mafi yawan yanayin Venus, wanda ke ƙara rura wutar tasirin greenhouse wanda ya sa Venus ta zama kamar jahannama a saman duniya. Sabon binciken zai iya samar da muhimman alamu game da yadda hakan ya faru. A gaskiya ma, masana kimiyya sun ce a farkon zamanin, Venus ta fi kama da Duniya. To me ya faru?

Ba shakka, tun lokacin da masana kimiyya suka ba da rahoton gano phosphine a cikin yanayin Venus a shekarar 2020, tambayar yiwuwar rayuwa a cikin gajimaren Venus ta sake farfaɗo da sha'awa. Asalin phosphine ba shi da cikakken bayani, kuma wasu bincike har yanzu suna shakkar wanzuwarsa. Amma ayyukan balan-balan kamar wannan zai dace da zurfin nazarin gajimare da kuma wataƙila ma gano duk wani ƙwayar cuta kai tsaye. Ayyukan balan-balan kamar wannan na iya taimakawa wajen warware wasu sirrin da suka fi rikitarwa da ƙalubale.