A cikin tsawan karni na hauka na kololuwar carbon da tsaka tsaki na carbon, kasashe a duniya suna neman na gaba na fasahar makamashi, da kore.ammoniyayana zama abin mayar da hankali a duniya kwanan nan. Idan aka kwatanta da hydrogen, ammonia yana faɗaɗa daga mafi yawan filin takin gona na gargajiya zuwa filin makamashi saboda fa'idodin da yake da shi a cikin ajiya da sufuri.

Faria, kwararre a jami'ar Twente da ke kasar Netherland, ta ce da hauhawar farashin Carbon, koren ammonia na iya zama sarkin mai a nan gaba.

Don haka, menene ainihin ammoniya kore? Menene matsayin ci gabanta? Menene yanayin aikace-aikacen? Yana da tattalin arziki?

Green ammonia da matsayin ci gabanta

Hydrogen shine babban albarkatun kasa donammoniyasamarwa. Saboda haka, bisa ga nau'ikan iskar carbon daban-daban a cikin tsarin samar da hydrogen, ana iya rarraba ammoniya zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu masu zuwa ta launi:

Greyammoniya: An yi shi da makamashin burbushin halitta (gas na halitta da kwal).

Blue ammonia: Ana fitar da danyen hydrogen daga albarkatun mai, amma ana amfani da fasahar kama carbon da adanawa a cikin aikin tacewa.

Blue-kore ammonia: Tsarin methane pyrolysis yana lalata methane zuwa hydrogen da carbon. Ana amfani da hydrogen da aka gano a cikin tsari azaman albarkatun ƙasa don samar da ammonia ta amfani da wutar lantarki.

Green ammonia: Koren wutar lantarki da ake samu ta hanyar sabunta makamashi kamar iska da makamashin hasken rana ana amfani da wutar lantarki don samar da ruwa da hydrogen, sannan kuma ammonia ake hada ta daga nitrogen da hydrogen a cikin iska.

Saboda kore ammonia yana samar da nitrogen da ruwa bayan konewa, kuma baya samar da carbon dioxide, ana daukar ammoniya kore a matsayin man fetur "sifili-carbon" kuma daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai tsabta a nan gaba.

Duniya koreammoniyakasuwa har yanzu tana kan jariri. Daga hangen nesa na duniya, girman kasuwar ammonia kore ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 36 a cikin 2021 kuma ana tsammanin ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 5.48 a cikin 2030, tare da matsakaicin haɓakar haɓakar abubuwan haɓaka na shekara-shekara na 74.8%, wanda ke da fa'ida mai yawa. Babban birnin Yundao ya yi hasashen cewa, samar da koren ammonia a duk shekara a duniya zai wuce tan miliyan 20 a shekarar 2030 kuma zai wuce tan miliyan 560 a shekarar 2050, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 80% na samar da ammonia a duniya.

Tun daga watan Satumbar 2023, sama da ayyukan ammonia 60 an tura su a duk duniya, tare da jimillar ƙarfin samarwa sama da tan miliyan 35 a kowace shekara. Ayyukan ammoniya kore a ƙasashen waje ana rarraba su a Ostiraliya, Kudancin Amirka, Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Tun daga shekarar 2024, masana'antar ammonia ta cikin gida a cikin gida ta bunkasa cikin sauri. Dangane da kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, tun daga 2024, sama da ayyukan ammonia kore 20 an inganta. Kamfanin Envision Technology Group, Sin Energy Construction Corporation, State Power Investment Corporation, State Energy Group, da dai sauransu, sun zuba jari kusan yuan biliyan 200 don inganta ayyukan koren ammonia, wanda zai fitar da adadi mai yawa na samar da ammonia mai yawa a nan gaba.

Yanayin aikace-aikace na kore ammonia

A matsayin makamashi mai tsabta, kore ammonia yana da nau'ikan yanayin aikace-aikace a nan gaba. Baya ga amfanin gona da masana'antu na gargajiya, ya kuma haɗa da haɗa wutar lantarki, jigilar man fetur, gyaran carbon, ajiyar hydrogen da sauran fannoni.

1. Masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki

Fitar da iskar carbon dioxide daga jigilar kaya tana da kashi 3% zuwa 4% na hayakin carbon dioxide na duniya. A cikin 2018, Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Duniya ta amince da wani shiri na farko na rage fitar da iskar gas, inda ta ba da shawarar cewa nan da shekarar 2030, za a rage yawan iskar Carbon da ake fitarwa a duniya da akalla kashi 40 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da na 2008, kuma ta yi kokarin rage kashi 70% nan da shekarar 2050. don cimma raguwar carbon da lalatawa a cikin masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki, mai tsabta mai maye gurbin makamashin burbushin shine mafi kyawun hanyoyin fasaha.

An yi imani da shi gabaɗaya a cikin masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki cewa koren ammonia yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da lalatawar a cikin masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki a nan gaba.

Rajista na jigilar kayayyaki na Lloyd ya taɓa yin annabta cewa tsakanin 2030 da 2050, adadin ammoniya a matsayin mai na jigilar kayayyaki zai ƙaru daga kashi 7% zuwa 20%, wanda zai maye gurbin gas mai ɗorewa da sauran albarkatun mai don zama mafi mahimmancin jigilar kayayyaki.

2. Masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki

AmmoniaKonewa baya haifar da CO2, kuma konewar ammonia na iya yin amfani da wuraren samar da wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita ba tare da manyan gyare-gyare ga jikin tukunyar jirgi ba. Yana da ma'auni mai tasiri don rage hayakin carbon dioxide a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki.

A ranar 15 ga Yuli, Hukumar Raya Kasa da Gyara ta Kasa da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa sun fitar da "Tsarin Ayyuka na Canjin Canjin Carbon da Gina Wutar Lantarki (2024-2027)", wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa bayan sauye-sauye da gine-gine, sassan wutar lantarki ya kamata su kasance. ikon haɗawa fiye da 10% na kore ammonia da ƙone kwal. Yawan amfani da iskar carbon yana raguwa sosai. Ana iya ganin cewa haɗa ammonia ko ammoniya mai tsabta a cikin raka'a na wutar lantarki shine muhimmin jagorar fasaha don rage fitar da carbon a filin samar da wutar lantarki.

Japan babbar mai tallata wutar lantarki ce ta haɗar ammonia. Japan ta tsara taswirar hanya ta "2021-2050 Japan Ammonia Fuel Roadmap" a cikin 2021, kuma za ta kammala zanga-zanga da tabbatar da 20% gaurayewar man ammonia a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki ta 2025; yayin da fasahar haɗin ammonia ta girma, wannan adadin zai karu zuwa fiye da 50%; a kusa da 2040, za a gina tashar wutar lantarki mai tsabta ammonia.

3. Mai ɗaukar hydrogen

Ana amfani da ammonia azaman mai ɗaukar hydrogen, kuma yana buƙatar bi ta hanyoyin haɗin ammonia, ruwa, sufuri, da sake fitar da iskar hydrogen. Dukkanin tsarin jujjuyawar ammonia-hydrogen ya girma.

A halin yanzu, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda shida na ajiyar hydrogen da sufuri: babban ma'aunin ajiyar silinda da sufuri, jigilar bututun iskar gas, ma'ajiyar ruwa mai ƙarancin zafi da sufuri, ajiyar ruwa da sufuri, ajiyar ruwa da sufurin ammonia, da ƙarfe. m hydrogen ajiya da kuma sufuri. Daga cikin su, ajiyar ruwa na ammonia da sufuri shine don fitar da hydrogen ta hanyar haɗin ammonia, ruwa, sufuri, da sake sakewa. Ana shayar da ammonia a -33°C ko 1MPa. Kudin hydrogenation/dehydrogenation ya kai fiye da 85%. Ba shi da kula da nisa na sufuri kuma ya dace da matsakaici da matsakaicin ajiya mai nisa da jigilar hydrogen mai girma, musamman sufurin teku. Yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyoyin ajiyar hydrogen da sufuri a nan gaba.

4. Chemical albarkatun kasa

A matsayin m kore nitrogen taki da kuma babban albarkatun kasa ga kore sunadarai, koreammoniyazai inganta haɓaka cikin sauri na "koren ammonia + koren taki" da "koren ammonia sinadarai" sarƙoƙi na masana'antu.

Idan aka kwatanta da ammonia roba da aka yi daga makamashin burbushin halittu, ana sa ran cewa kore ammonia ba zai iya samar da ingantacciyar gasa a matsayin albarkatun sinadari kafin 2035.