A cikin wannan karnin da ake fama da matsalar karancin iskar carbon da kuma rashin sinadarin carbon, kasashe a duniya suna neman sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi, kuma suna da kyakkyawan fata.ammoniayana zama abin da duniya ke mayar da hankali a kai kwanan nan. Idan aka kwatanta da hydrogen, ammonia tana faɗaɗa daga mafi yawan takin noma zuwa fannin makamashi saboda fa'idodin da take da su a adanawa da sufuri.

Faria, kwararre a Jami'ar Twente da ke Netherlands, ya ce tare da hauhawar farashin carbon, ammonia mai kore na iya zama sarkin man fetur na gaba.

To, menene ainihin ammonia mai kore? Menene matsayin ci gabanta? Menene yanayin aikace-aikacen? Shin yana da tattalin arziki?

Ammoniya mai kore da yanayin ci gabanta

Hydrogen shine babban kayan aiki don samar da makamashiammoniasamarwa. Saboda haka, bisa ga nau'ikan hayakin carbon daban-daban da ke cikin tsarin samar da hydrogen, ana iya rarraba ammonia zuwa rukuni huɗu masu zuwa ta launi:

Toka-tokaammonia: An yi shi da makamashin burbushin halitta na gargajiya (iskar gas da kwal).

Shuɗin ammonia: Ana fitar da sinadarin hydrogen daga man fetur, amma ana amfani da fasahar kamawa da adana carbon a cikin tsarin tacewa.

Ammonia mai launin shuɗi-kore: Tsarin pyrolysis na methane yana lalata methane zuwa hydrogen da carbon. Ana amfani da hydrogen da aka dawo da shi a cikin wannan aikin a matsayin kayan aiki don samar da ammonia ta amfani da wutar lantarki mai kore.

Ammonia kore: Ana amfani da wutar lantarki mai kore da makamashin da ake samarwa ta hanyar amfani da makamashin da ake sabuntawa kamar iska da makamashin rana don samar da ruwa ta hanyar lantarki, sannan ammonia ana haɗa shi da nitrogen da hydrogen a cikin iska.

Saboda ammonia kore yana samar da nitrogen da ruwa bayan konewa, kuma baya samar da carbon dioxide, ana ɗaukar ammonia kore a matsayin mai "babu carbon" kuma ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai tsafta a nan gaba.

Koren duniyaammoniaKasuwa har yanzu tana cikin ƙuruciya. Daga mahangar duniya, girman kasuwar ammonia mai kore ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 36 a shekarar 2021 kuma ana sa ran zai kai dala biliyan 5.48 a shekarar 2030, tare da matsakaicin haɓakar mahadi na shekara-shekara na kashi 74.8%, wanda ke da yuwuwar girma mai yawa. Yundao Capital ta yi hasashen cewa samar da ammonia mai kore a duniya a kowace shekara zai wuce tan miliyan 20 a shekarar 2030 kuma ya wuce tan miliyan 560 a shekarar 2050, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 80% na samar da ammonia a duniya.

Ya zuwa watan Satumba na 2023, an tura sama da ayyukan ammonia kore guda 60 a duk duniya, tare da jimillar ƙarfin samar da su da aka tsara na sama da tan miliyan 35 a kowace shekara. Ana rarraba ayyukan ammonia kore a ƙasashen waje galibi a Ostiraliya, Kudancin Amurka, Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Tun daga shekarar 2024, masana'antar ammonia mai kore a cikin gida a China ta bunƙasa cikin sauri. A cewar kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, tun daga shekarar 2024, an inganta ayyukan ammonia mai kore sama da 20. Envision Technology Group, China Energy Construction, State Power Investment Corporation, State Energy Group, da sauransu sun zuba jari kusan yuan biliyan 200 wajen tallata ayyukan ammonia mai kore, wanda zai fitar da adadi mai yawa na karfin samar da ammonia mai kore a nan gaba.

Yanayin amfani da ammonia kore

A matsayin makamashi mai tsafta, ammonia mai kore yana da yanayi daban-daban na amfani a nan gaba. Baya ga amfani da noma da masana'antu na gargajiya, ya kuma haɗa da haɗa samar da wutar lantarki, jigilar mai, daidaita carbon, adana hydrogen da sauran fannoni.

1. Masana'antar jigilar kaya

Fitar da iskar carbon dioxide daga jigilar kaya ta kai kashi 3% zuwa 4% na fitar da iskar carbon dioxide a duniya. A shekarar 2018, Kungiyar Kula da Jiragen Ruwa ta Duniya ta dauki wata dabara ta farko don rage fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli, inda ta ba da shawarar cewa nan da shekarar 2030, fitar da iskar carbon daga jigilar kaya a duniya zai ragu da akalla kashi 40% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2008, kuma za a yi kokarin rage da kashi 70% nan da shekarar 2050. Domin cimma rage fitar da iskar carbon da kuma rage fitar da iskar carbon a masana'antar jigilar kaya, man fetur mai tsafta wanda ya maye gurbin makamashin burbushin halittu shine hanya mafi kyau ta fasaha.

Gabaɗaya ana yi imani da cewa ammonia mai kore yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan man fetur da ake amfani da shi wajen rage gurɓatar iskar carbon a masana'antar jigilar kaya a nan gaba.

Rijistar jigilar kaya ta Lloyd ta taɓa annabta cewa tsakanin 2030 da 2050, adadin ammonia a matsayin man jigilar kaya zai ƙaru daga kashi 7% zuwa 20%, wanda zai maye gurbin iskar gas mai ɗauke da ruwa da sauran man fetur don zama mafi mahimmancin man jigilar kaya.

2. Masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki

AmmoniyaKonewa ba ya samar da CO2, kuma konewa da aka haɗa da ammonia zai iya amfani da wuraren samar da wutar lantarki da ake amfani da su ta hanyar kwal ba tare da manyan gyare-gyare ga jikin tukunyar ba. Wannan ma'auni ne mai tasiri don rage fitar da hayakin carbon dioxide a cikin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da ake amfani da su ta hanyar kwal.

A ranar 15 ga Yuli, Hukumar Ci Gaba da Gyaran Kasa da Hukumar Makamashi ta Kasa sun fitar da "Shirin Aiki don Canjin Ƙananan Carbon da Gina Wutar Lantarki ta Kwal (2024-2027)", wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa bayan canji da gini, sassan wutar lantarki na kwal ya kamata su sami damar haɗa fiye da kashi 10% na ammonia kore da kwal mai ƙonewa. Matakan amfani da fitar da carbon suna raguwa sosai. Ana iya ganin cewa haɗa ammonia ko ammonia tsantsa a cikin sassan wutar lantarki na zafi muhimmin alkibla ne na fasaha don rage fitar da carbon a fagen samar da wutar lantarki.

Japan babbar mai haɓaka samar da wutar lantarki mai hade da ammonia ce. Japan ta tsara "Taswirar Man Fetur na Ammonia na Japan 2021-2050" a shekarar 2021, kuma za ta kammala gwaji da tabbatar da kashi 20% na man fetur mai hade da ammonia a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki na zafi nan da shekarar 2025; yayin da fasahar hadawar ammonia ke girma, wannan kaso zai karu zuwa fiye da kashi 50%; nan da kusan shekarar 2040, za a gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai tsabta ta ammonia.

3. Mai ɗaukar Hydrogen a ajiya

Ana amfani da Ammonia a matsayin mai ɗaukar sinadarin hydrogen, kuma yana buƙatar bin hanyoyin haɗa ammonia, fitar da ruwa, jigilar shi, da sake fitar da iskar hydrogen. Duk tsarin canza ammonia-hydrogen ya cika.

A halin yanzu, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda shida na adanawa da jigilar hydrogen: ajiyar silinda mai matsin lamba, jigilar iskar gas mai matsin lamba ta bututun mai, ajiyar ruwa mai ƙarancin zafin jiki da jigilar hydrogen, ajiyar ruwa mai ƙarancin yanayi da jigilar halittu, ajiyar ruwa mai ƙwayoyin halitta, ajiyar ruwa da jigilar ammonia, da ajiyar ruwa mai ƙarfi da jigilar hydrogen. Daga cikinsu, ajiyar ruwa da jigilar ammonia shine cire hydrogen ta hanyar haɗa ammonia, shan ruwa, jigilar ruwa, da sake haɗa iskar gas. Ana sanya ammonia a -33°C ko 1MPa. Kudin hydrogenation/dehydrogenation ya kai sama da kashi 85%. Ba ya da tasiri ga nisan sufuri kuma ya dace da ajiya da jigilar hydrogen mai yawa a matsakaici da nisa, musamman jigilar teku. Yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ajiya da jigilar hydrogen a nan gaba.

4. Kayan sinadarai masu amfani

A matsayin takin nitrogen mai yuwuwa da kuma babban kayan albarkatun ƙasa don sinadarai masu kore, koreammoniazai ƙarfafa haɓaka saurin ci gaban sarƙoƙin masana'antu na "takin kore na ammonia + kore" da kuma "sinadarin ammonia kore".

Idan aka kwatanta da ammonia da aka yi da makamashin burbushin halittu, ana sa ran cewa ammonia mai launin kore ba zai iya samar da ingantaccen gasa a matsayin kayan sinadarai ba kafin shekarar 2035.