Methane wani fili ne na sinadarai tare da tsarin sinadarai CH4 (zarra ɗaya na carbon da atom huɗu na hydrogen).

Gabatarwar Samfur

Methane wani fili ne na sinadarai tare da tsarin sinadarai CH4 (zarra ɗaya na carbon da atom huɗu na hydrogen).Yana da rukuni-14 hydride kuma mafi sauki alkane, kuma shi ne babban abun ciki na iskar gas.Dangantakar yawan methane a duniya ya sa ya zama man fetur mai ban sha'awa, ko da yake kamawa da adana shi yana haifar da kalubale saboda yanayin iskar gas a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi na yanayin zafi da matsa lamba.
Ana samun methane na halitta duka a ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙasan teku.Lokacin da ya isa saman da kuma yanayi, an san shi da methane na yanayi.Matsakaicin yanayi na methane na duniya ya karu da kusan 150% tun daga 1750, kuma yana da kashi 20% na jimlar radiative tilas daga dukkan iskar gas mai dadewa da gauraye a duniya.

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai

Shiryawa&Kawo

Aikace-aikace

A matsayin Man Fetur
Ana amfani da Methane a matsayin mai don tanda, gidaje, dumama ruwa, kilns, motoci, turbines, da sauran abubuwa.Yana ƙonewa da iskar oxygen don haifar da wuta.

A cikin Masana'antar Kimiyya
Methane yana jujjuya iskar gas, cakuda carbon monoxide da hydrogen, ta hanyar gyaran tururi.

Amfani

Ana amfani da methane a cikin hanyoyin sarrafa sinadarai na masana'antu kuma ana iya jigilar su azaman ruwa mai sanyi (ruwan iskar gas, ko LNG).Yayin da yatsan ruwa daga kwandon ruwa mai sanyi ya fara nauyi fiye da iska saboda yawan iskar gas mai sanyi, iskar da ke cikin yanayin zafi ya fi iska wuta.Bututun iskar gas suna rarraba iskar gas mai yawa, wanda methane shine babban bangaren.

1. Mai
Ana amfani da Methane azaman mai don tanda, gidaje, dumama ruwa, kilns, motoci, turbines, da sauran abubuwa.Yana ƙonewa da iskar oxygen don haifar da zafi.

2. Gas na halitta
Methane yana da mahimmanci ga samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar kona shi a matsayin mai a cikin injin turbine ko tururi.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran makamashin hydrocarbon, methane yana samar da ƙarancin carbon dioxide ga kowace naúrar zafi da aka saki.A kusan 891 kJ/mol, zafin methane na konewa ya fi kowane hydrocarbon ƙasa amma rabon zafin konewa (891 kJ / mol) zuwa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (16.0 g / mol, wanda 12.0 g / mol shine carbon) yana nuna cewa methane, kasancewa mafi sauƙi na hydrocarbon, yana samar da ƙarin zafi a kowace naúrar (55.7kJ/g) fiye da sauran hadaddun hydrocarbons.A cikin birane da yawa, ana bututun methane zuwa cikin gidaje don dumama cikin gida da dafa abinci.A cikin wannan mahallin yawanci ana kiransa da iskar gas, wanda ake la'akari da cewa yana da abun ciki na makamashi na megajoules 39 a kowace mita kubik, ko 1,000 BTU akan daidaitaccen ƙafar kubik.

Methane a cikin nau'i na iskar gas da aka matsa ana amfani da shi azaman mai abin hawa kuma ana iƙirarin cewa ya fi dacewa da muhalli fiye da sauran albarkatun mai kamar man fetur / man fetur da dizal.Bincike kan hanyoyin tallan methane don amfani da man fetur na mota an gudanar da bincike. .

3.Gas mai ruwa da ruwa
Gas mai ruwa (LNG) iskar gas ce (mafi rinjaye methane, CH4) wanda aka canza zuwa nau'in ruwa don sauƙin ajiya ko jigilar kaya. Ana buƙatar tankunan LNG masu tsada don jigilar methane.

Ruwan iskar gas mai ruwa ya mamaye kusan 1/600th adadin iskar gas a cikin yanayin gaseous.Ba shi da wari, mara launi, mara guba kuma mara lahani.Haɗari sun haɗa da ƙonewa bayan tururi zuwa yanayin gaseous, daskarewa, da asphyxia.

4.Liquid-methane roka mai
Ana amfani da methane mai tsaftataccen ruwa a matsayin man roka. An bayar da rahoton cewa methane yana ba da fa'ida akan kananzir na ajiye ƙarancin carbon akan sassan ciki na injunan roka, yana rage wahalar sake amfani da masu haɓakawa.

Methane yana da yawa a sassa da yawa na tsarin hasken rana kuma ana iya girbe shi a saman wani tsarin tsarin hasken rana (musamman, ta yin amfani da samar da methane daga kayan gida da aka samu akan Mars ko Titan), yana samar da man fetur don dawowa.

5.Kayan abinci na sinadarai
Methane yana canzawa zuwa iskar gas, cakuda carbon monoxide da hydrogen, ta hanyar gyaran tururi.Wannan tsari na ƙarshe (yana buƙatar makamashi) yana amfani da abubuwan haɓakawa kuma yana buƙatar yanayin zafi mai girma, kusan 700-1100 ° C.

Matakan taimakon farko

IdoContact:Babu buƙatar gas.Idan ana zargin dusar ƙanƙara, a zubar da idanu da ruwa mai sanyi na tsawon mintuna 15 sannan a sami kulawar likita nan take.
SkinContact:Babu abin da ake buƙata na forgas.Don tuntuɓar fata ko wanda ake zargin sanyi, cire gurɓataccen tufafi kuma a zubar da wuraren da abin ya shafa da ruwan dumi. KAR KA YI AMFANI DA RUWAN ZAFI. Likitan likitanci ya kamata ya ga majiyyaci da sauri idan tuntuɓar samfurin ya haifar da kumburi daga saman dermal ko cikin daskarewar nama mai zurfi. .
Numfashi:SANARWA DA HANKALI LAFIYA DOLE A DUK AL'AMURAN SHAFIN WURI.YA KAMATA A SANYA MUTUM MAI Ceto DA KAYAN HANKALI.Yakamata a taimaka wa wadanda suka kamu da cutar sankarau zuwa wurin da bai gurbata ba kuma a shakar da iska mai kyau.Idan numfashi yana da wahala, ba da iskar oxygen. Ya kamata a motsa mutanen da ba su da hankali zuwa wurin da ba a gurɓata ba kuma, kamar yadda ya cancanta, a ba su farfadowar wucin gadi da ƙarin oxygen.Jiyya ya kamata ya zama alama da tallafi.
Ciki:Babu wanda ke ƙarƙashin amfani na yau da kullun. Samun kulawar likita idan alamun sun faru.
Likitan Bayanan kula:Yi magani da alama.

Extraterrestrial methane
An gano methane ko kuma an yi imani yana wanzuwa a duk duniyoyin tsarin hasken rana da mafi yawan manyan watanni.Tare da yuwuwar ban da Mars, an yi imanin ya fito ne daga hanyoyin abiotic.
Methane (CH4) akan Mars - yuwuwar tushe da nutsewa.
An ba da shawarar Methane a matsayin mai yuwuwar harba roka kan ayyukan Mars a nan gaba saboda yuwuwar haɗa shi a duniyar ta hanyar amfani da albarkatun ƙasa[58].Za'a iya amfani da daidaitawar amsawar Sabatier methanation tare da gauraye mai kara kuzari da jujjuyawar iskar gas a cikin reactor guda ɗaya don samar da methane daga albarkatun da ake samu akan Mars, ta yin amfani da ruwa daga ƙasan Mars da carbon dioxide a cikin yanayin Mars. .

Ana iya samar da methane ta hanyar tsarin da ba na halitta ba wanda ake kira ''serpentinization[a] wanda ya shafi ruwa, carbon dioxide, da olivine na ma'adinai, wanda aka sani ya zama ruwan dare a duniyar Mars.